Marketing plan †Huawei Essay

This marketing plan is specially measured to the company Huawei. Huawei is an international company which produces devices for telecommunication, with their phones being the most important product. Their vision is to deliver electronic communicating solutions to make the life of their consumers better. This marketing plan is requested by Huawei to find a way to accelerate the sales of Huawei’s phones internationally, with a targeted 10% raise in market share in Europe. In this report the proposition of the marketing plan can be found, with specific data about the different subjects and explanation of a market winning approach. We will start by analysing the company and the environment, to define the SWOT of the organization. Afterwards we will introduce these conclusions into a matrix where it will be visible what the company’s best aspects are. Then we will choose strategic options and further instruct on the matter. Next, we will create a mix of strategic marketing as pects that will further help to develop the importance on how and where to place the advertisements and stores and so on. Finally, a financial analysis will be done in order to predict the costs Huawei is going to make on this venture, and whether or not their new mission seems feasible. This report has been created by Quirijn, Ruben, Robbert, Amine and Erim. Management summary This marketing plan gives answers to the question whether it is feasible for Huawei to increase brand awareness in Europe by launching a market campaign and to increase market share with 10% within 4 years. The research phase had various angles. Based on micro, macro and meso level some interesting strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are revealed. The most important ones are: (Strength )Huawei has a great cost advantages in comparison with the competition. (Weakness) Inability to maintain high quality professional service and sales support in western markets (Opportunity) Huawei offers low priced phones, which can be very attractive for people affected by the financial crisis. (Threat) A lot of competition in the western markets. The internal analysis consist out of various models. The canvas model was created to analyse Huawei as a company. Within the BCG-matrix, Huawei’s smartphones are placed as a question mark. And the computed Abell matrix shows that Huawei targets students and the most important need is the price and the most important technologies are calling and texting, internet and connectivity. On external level a survey is conducted within this marketing plan. The most striking result is from the question; â€Å"Do you know Huawei?†. 53% of the surveyed audience was not aware of what Huawei is as a brand. Within the Meso level, Porter’s five forces is analysed. The most important findings are: The power of the customers is not particular strong. The threat of new entrants is not very impactful as Apple and Samsung are the undisputed leaders. If done right the power of substitutes can have an impact on the market. There is no threat in the power of the suppliers Huawei operates within a highly competitive market, the rivalry is massive. After doing research on 5 strategies, the best strategy proven is the low-cost strategy. The reason it is a perfect match for Huawei is because they are able, because of their cost-saving combined with their excellent financial situation, to sell their products for a lot less than the competition The BCG matrix is an analytical tool for companies to evaluate their business units and their business potential. With help from this matrix Huawei can create and adapt marketing strategies, product strategies and more, all to help the strategic management of a company. The BCG matrix connects a company’s market share with a company’s growth rate. The model is divided into four areas, the stars, dogs, cash cows and question marks. Huawei and its mobile phones are placed in the box of question marks. It’s put in this box because of the fact that the worldwide market share of Huawei’s mobile phone is relatively low, and the market growth rate, again worldwide, is relatively high, with expanding markets all over the world. Market leaders already have established and a lot of companies operate in this market, but because of the wide and depth of the mobile market there is still a lot of potential for Huawei. In the coming time they will find out if their question mark can become a star. Abell model The Abell model is a model for seeing in what kind of market a company operates. With segments, needs and technologies there is a quick overview of what a company or a product is about. The Abell matrix for smart phone Huawei Students, young starters and parents are the main segments that Huawei is targeting, excluding senior citizens and children. The most important needs are the price of the phone, together with its appearance and the quality. Convenience is important but not a main objective. The technologies specific to the phone are being able to call and text, having internet, and being able to connect all around the world. Interactive display and such, are also not the main objective. Strengths & Weaknesses Strengths 1. Huawei has very strong financial position. Being financial healthy means that they can investment and start new projects. 2. They have great cost advantages in comparison with the competition, this allows them to produce against low prices and have low production costs. 3. Because of these great cost advantages Huawei is able to sell products against relatively low prices. This gives them a huge competitive benefit 4. Huawei has high brand recognition and is rapidly increasing their brand awareness in their new markets, such as Europe, which gives them fast closure to the big brands. 5. Superior technologies enable Huawei to come with fast efficient solutions, and gives the whole company effective process. 6. Huawei has a very high customer loyalty. Customers are satisfied and keep their preference for the brand, which allows Huawei to focus more on finding new customers. 7. R&D is a very strong department within Huawei technologies, having R&D centres all over the world, to create products that are needed by every person all over the world. 8. Their market share in the African markets is very high and Huawei invests a lot here, which pays off with a high return rate. 9. Huawei has a broad range in products, which give them the beneficial ability to provide end-to-end solutions, keeping more customer processes inside Huawei. 10. They have a strong connection with the Chinese government, which helps them to maintain their number one position in China. Weaknesses 1. the supply chain of Huawei has a lot of flaws, with late and insufficient deliveries occurring. This is partly because of the high amount of products and the market penetration in the US and Europe. 2. the customer service is not what it should be, not dealing with customer complaints properly, mainly because there starting services in Europe and the lack of integration with supporting services. 3. Inability to maintain high quality professional services and sales support in Western markets. 4. Except for China, Huawei lacks the strong global physical presence that a company needs to establish itself as a true market leader. 5. contracts with the most important and biggest server providers are not optimal, which prevents an efficient integration between product and server. 6. Huawei excels at telecommunication, but does not have much experience in their new services, and does not have the same knowledge to overcome difficulties that some of their big competitors do. 7. The brand image of Huawei is mostly focused on their mobile process and selling, and customers are on a large scale unaware of the other practices of the company 8. employee satisfaction is high within Huawei, but a lot of complaints arise from workers that operate in Huawei’s supply chain, which has a negative effect on how ethical Huawei is. 9. Huawei still depends on their low-pricing strategy, and has no alternative selling strategy’s for their products. 10. Huawei’s ties to the Chinese government are a strength, but is at the same time a weakness, as it complicates creating relationships with other specific governments, such as the US. MESO analysis Meso SWOT Strength: R&D, patent ownership, growing their innovative and advanced technological products which have earned their global recognition Weaknesses: Lack in transparency and image of secrecy, worrying companies and governments who might otherwise trust the brand to protect valuable security information. Huawei has failed to understand the US legal system and market demands, as well as its image as a risk to national security which has resulted in its failed acquisitions. Opportunities: Continued innovations and technology advances. The continued growth and expansion of technology usage and literacy offer both brands unlimited growth opportunities, so long as they stay ahead of the competition though continued improvement. Threats: R&D takes time, if the competition provides solutions first, the brand will struggle to compete. Development in this industry is simply risky as the business relies upon continued growth of the internet and internet-based-systems. Merger and acquisitions ha ve no assurance and are inherently risky, particularly in this industry due to the advanced, high-technology companies with particularly high overhead and sunk costs. Global politics and exchange rates are also a threat to international trade as a whole. Porter’s five forces Now that Huawei is entering the European market there are certain things to take note of. Porter’s Five Forces helps us define which types of pressures could be present that have to be identified before entering a competitive market like the smartphone business Huawei is entering on a regional scale. Power of customers The power of customers in the particular market is not that strong. There isn’t a lot of influence into the product directly by the consumers. Whatever features are implemented into the product is similar to those of the competition, and is mostly influenced by the R&D departments. So the customers will mostly decide on preference of design or depending on the price that is being offered. Altogether there are not endless choices for the customers to choose between. This means that the customers simply don’t have the power to strongly influence the market by demanding critical changes from a product or brand. Power of new entrants The threat of new entrants is also not very impactful for the market Huawei is entering. This is especially due to the reason that it takes a certain brand awareness to convince a large number of the (potential) buyers into buying the new product they are bringing to the market. However, when this product is offering a whole range of new features or improvements that seem very attractive, this may threaten the existing products on the market, making them harder to promote against a superior product. But in almost any case it doesn’t seem feasible to go up against popular brands like Apple and Samsung. This means that, overall, new entrants aren’t expected to be a huge threat. Power of substitutes Huawei is financially very strong and strives for operational excellence in which they score relatively high already. This means that they are able to offer considerably low prices compared to competitive brands on the market. At the same time they are able to offer stylish designs and similar features to other brands. This means that Huawei is able to give consumers a choice that they will most likely not regret, but before they do so they are going to have to decide to trust Huawei into offering them a worthy product. The marketing campaign must show the difference Huawei is bringing to the market, and with that they have to convince the consumers of something worth buying. This will prove difficult however, due to the fact that a lot of people have already been convinced by the flashy designs of Apple for instance. The brand is already widely-known and both Apple and Samsung enjoy a great deal or the market share today. This means that eventually the power of substitutes is rather high at this point and probably the biggest problem on the board for Huawei. Power of suppliers The power of suppliers doesn’t have to be seen as a threat to Huawei. They are importing from their region of origin, namely South-East Asia. They enjoy low labor and production costs overall, which goes in combination with high efficiency meaning they are able to keep costs very low. There are many different suppliers for the raw materials that needed for the production process which also lowers the power of the suppliers. Rivalry Eventually the market proves to be a highly competitive one, especially if we start talking about Apple and Samsung who are highly involved in the mix. They are offering high quality products, one for relatively high and one for relatively low prices. They have similar features but some small differences, mostly in handling the device. It mostly comes down to the design of a smartphone, as almost all brands offer pretty much the same features. This means that the product with the strongest marketing campaign offering the flashiest design will most likely hit the jackpot and win the hearts of most customers which means that this is going to be very challenging for Huawei to compete against. So basically the market growth is rather high as technology development is an ongoing process and there are several key players in the market meaning that they are calling the shots. Huawei has to gain trust in potential customers and attract them by offering as flashy as the newest model Apple has brought to the market, and give it some extra features in order to make the difference.

Rodriguez V. Attorney General of British Columbia

Rodriguez v. Attorney General of British Columbia (1993), 85 CCC (3d) 15 (S. C. C. ) Facts: * Sue Rodriguez was a 42 year old woman, married with a young song and living in British Columbia. * Rodriguez was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis otherwise known as ALS and was given between two and fourteen months left to live. * Sue Rodriguez knew that because of this disease she would soon lose the use of her muscles, which would prevent her from breathing or eating without medical involvement. Sue wants to end her life when she is no longer able to enjoy it, however when she reaches this point she will no longer be capable of ending her own life without assistance. * Rodriguez seeks a legal method which would allow a medical practitioner to set up a device which allows her to end her own life, when she chooses. * Sue Rodriguez appealed to the Supreme Court of British Columbia for an order that s. 241 (b) of the Criminal Code be declared invalid pursuant to s. 24 (1) of the Ch arter, on grounds that it violates her rights under subsections 7, 12, and 15 (1) of the Charter. Issues:The dispute between Sue Rodriguez and the Supreme Court of British Columbia Does sections 241(b) of the Criminal Code infringe or deny the rights and freedoms guaranteed by subsection 7, 12, and 15(1) of the Charter? And if it does, can this be justified under section 1 of the Charter and therefore be consistent with the constitution act, 1892? The laws involved include Criminal Code section 241. Everyone who (a) counsels a person to commit suicide, or (b) aids or abets a person to commit suicide, whether suicide ensues or not, is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years.As well as violating the Charter of Rights and Freedoms subsections 7. Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and the security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice. Subsect ion 12. Everyone had the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment. Sue Rodriguez is arguing that the Criminal Code section 241 (b) violates her guaranteed rights and freedoms under subsections 7, 12, and, 15(1) of the Charter of Rights and Freedom because t prevents her from controlling the method and timing of her death. Sue Rodriguez must also prove that her plea is justifiable under section one of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The questions that need to be answered include, whether or not the appellant is in the right state of mind, does the law against aiding or abetting suicide infringe on the rights and freedoms of humans that are assured by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms? Should assisted suicide be legalized, if the victim requests to die? What solution provides the best form of justice?Murder, Disability, Malpractice, and Cruel and unusual punishment are all legal concepts that are involved in this case. A larger issue in society t hat would be influenced by this case is whether future cases like these might feel pressure to take part in doctor assisted suicide in order to ‘make room’ for healthier people. Decision: In regards to Rodriguez versus Attorney General of British Columbia the court decided against Sue Rodriguez. This decision was made based on the face that while section 241(b) affects the security interest of the appellant, this denial does not apply to the principles of justice.The court responded to Rodriguez’ claim that for the terminally ill the choice of time and manner is valid because death itself is inevitable, by stating that it is more a matter of choosing death over natural causes. The dissenting opinion was from Madam Justice McLachlin. McLachlin concluded that denying Sue Rodriguez a choice that is available to those who are physically able because of fear that others may suffer pressure to follow her example would conflict with the fundamental principles involved.M adam Justice McLachlin believed that Sue Rodriguez was being used as a â€Å"fall guy† for those who might be wrongly counseled to commit suicide and so she sided with Rodriguez. I would have sided with Sue Rodriguez. According to section 12 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms ‘Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment. ’ I believe that any average person would agree that being forced to sit by and watch themselves die little by little is cruel treatment. I believe that while it’s not the courts fault, it is their duty to help those who can’t help themselves because of laws.If it were my decision I would have sided with Sue Rodriguez because of the reasons described above. Opinions: While thinking about this case I cannot stop contemplating how unfair the entire thing is. Sue Rodriguez was diagnosed with a disease she cannot control, and the one thing she can control (time and manner of her death) is unlawful, therefore she can’t legally control that either. I believe this is a very serious issue, but taking away a person’s right to die how they so choose because of possible social influence on future peoples with similar circumstances in extremely unfair.This case is very significant, even today. This can be noted because of a ruling made by a lower court in the BC Supreme Court on June 15, 2012 that stated a criminal offence prohibiting physician-assisted suicide was unconstitutional on the grounds that denying disabled people the right to assisted suicide was contrary to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantee of equality under Section 15. Although this ruling will most likely be appealed, it still shows the validity of the case at hand because the same issue is still being argued 19 years later.Opinions on this issue could vary depending on circumstance. People who have been in similar situations or are in similar situations would have a very different perspective than people who don’t have any connection to the courts whatsoever. Also religious peoples might have a different perspective because of bias caused by their religious beliefs. Works Cited Blair, Annice, Kathleen R. Elliot, Bonnie Manning, and Marcus Mossuto. Canadian and International Law. Don Mills: Oxford UP, 2004. Print â€Å"Suicide Legislation. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Feb. 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Essay Example All of the above generates quite a challenge, given that many adult ADHD patients are self-diagnosed when they first seek clinical help. In addition to this physicians, psychiatrists and clinicians are often unfamiliar with the subtleties of adult presentations of a classically childhood disorder. In general sense ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is nothing more than parents or others seeking a medical explanation for behavior they cannot manage to control (Nigel et al, 2001:2.18). This is one of the biggest reason why ADHD is underestimated or a hidden problem in Adults. Occasionally, we may all have difficulty sitting still, paying attention or controlling impulsive behavior. For some people, the problem is so pervasive and persistent that it interferes with their daily life, including home, academic, social and work settings. Medical science first documented children exhibiting inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity in 1902. Since that time, the disorder has been given numerous names, including Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Hyper-kinetic Reaction of Childhood, and Attention-Deficit Disorder With or Without Hyperactivity. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition (DSM-IV from the American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification system, the disorder has been renamed to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ... Since that time, the disorder has been given numerous names, including Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Hyper-kinetic Reaction of Childhood, and Attention-Deficit Disorder With or Without Hyperactivity. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition (DSM-IV from the American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification system, the disorder has been renamed to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Here ADHD is described within two clusters of symptoms: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Each of this two areas, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, are composed of nine different symptoms. These symptoms are listed in Attachment II. Beside these symptoms there needs to be clear evidence of significant impairment in the functioning of the person. Problems also have to persist for a minimum of half a year, and the first signs should be ascertained before the age of seven. Finally one must not be able to explain the symptoms by other diagnoses. Additional impairment has to be present in several situations in the person's life. As people can show symptoms from both areas, three subtypes define ADHD: 1. Combined Type This is the most common type, and means the person has six or more symptoms in each category 2. Predominantly Inattentive Type This means the person has six or more inattention symptoms but fewer than six hyperactivity symptoms. 3. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type This is the least common type and means that the person has six or more hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms but fewer than six inattention symptoms. Origin It is generally agreed upon that ADHD develops most common in early youth. There has long been debate over the direction of causation

The Anti Slavery Movement In Britain in Birmingham Coursework

The Anti Slavery Movement In Britain in Birmingham - Coursework Example This is because of the fact that though Britain was one of the most influential and prosperous nations in this regard, other nations were no les behind. The practice of slave trade was rather a tricky affair and the basis of such trade was 'need'. Ships from ports such as Liverpool and Bristol used to head towards the backward African mainland laden with small goods such as spices, fabrics, arms and knives etc. things were by far petty and simple for the white man, but something that was of extreme value and demand to the African people. This is because these were some of the many things that the African were deprived of in those days given their backwardness. More often, such goods used to be of very cheap quality, for which Africa proved to be a lucrative 'dump'. As the topic of the essay ges to say, the anti slavery movement has an important association with Britain, and among these, the city of Birmingham has come to hold an important place. Most of these low quality and sub-standard goods were made in Birmingham and were popularly referred to as 'Brummagem ware'. In return for these goods, the African people had to pay the heaviest price they could have ever thought of-'themselves'. Goods were exchanged for large number of African people, who were then brought back or taken to other territories, where they were either sold of slaves or made to do hard work in the form of slaves in those territories. Many of them were captured in armed conflicts with the Europeans winning all of them given the kind of firearms they possessed in comparison to the bows and arrows, wherein the former outclassed the latter.After having been captured or being brought in as part of the trade, these people were then packed like sardines into these slave ships and were brought home to Britain in such inhuman and inhospitable conditions that many of them would perish midway. The conditions were so worse that they would not have the opportunity t o do even the commonest of other daily activities (as they were jam-packed), which resulted in the outbreak of disease. By the turn of the eighteenth century, the trade of slaves had risen to such terrific proportions that ships from Britain were now bringing back as many as 50,000 slaves every year. Those slaves who managed to survive through all the above-mentioned hardships were then sold for transportation to places such as the windies or the America to work in plantations, factories, mills etc1. The goods produced by the slaves within those regions would then come back to Britain, where they were then sold or sold in the colonies for exorbitant prices. Thu, it can be understood that the practice of slave trade profited Britain in particular, and the countries of Europe in general have benefited in huge ways by making huge profits on many trade-related fronts. On the other hand, the slaves who labored hard were made to live and work in inhospitable conditions ridden with poverty and disease. Thus, their fruits of labor were enjoyed by the people back in Britain (and Europe). Moreover, there was no sense of knowledge within the British public largely about the conditions that existed in these plantations and factories, while many just did not bother to know any2.But, as time passed by and decades rolled past, a sense of consciousness began to emerge

Any topics,i will show the detail on instructions Essay

Any topics,i will show the detail on instructions - Essay Example For some historians such as Bacino (3), the tensions between the two nations may have started in 1917 when the US sought to promote social and economic reconstruction in Siberia. During the same period, the Russians also made some efforts to enforce a structural transformation of the international political economy. It is possible that differences in ideologies existed between the two nations and these may have sparked some tensions. Most historians however focus on 1939 and 1940, which are also the years that marked the beginning of the Second World War. The views of the later group of historians is supported by a series of events which began with the secret Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, and a supplementary accord that followed a month later and revealed the Soviets’ invention to integrate Estonia, Lithuania, Finland, eastern Poland, and Latvia into their territory (Elsuwege 29). The Russian Army occupied eastern Poland in the same month and by 1940, the Red Army ha d occupied Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Russia however failed in its invasion of Finland in 1939 and this forced the Russians to accept cession of Finnish territory which it hoped would protect Leningrad from future invasions. The Soviet army advances in 1939 and 1940 and the signal that the Soviets received from Hitler’s Germany to expand westward culminated in the pursuit of Hitler’s defeated army to almost 100 miles west of Berlin. This evidence illustrates that Stalin had, at an early date, resolved to bring eastern Poland, the Baltic States, and Bessarabia within the expanding Russian empire but most of his expansion plans had to be put on hold between 1941 and 1944 as Russia defended its homeland territory. As shall be demonstrated later in this paper, some of the western leaders were uncomfortable with the Soviet’s territorial

What you want Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What you want - Essay Example Through this paper, I will share my life experience from my own perspective of being in a country that has a mixture foreign students and professionals from different cultural, religious and ethnic backgrounds. This will be done in relation to the concepts highlighted in The Fifth Agreement: A Practical Guide to Self-Mastery by Don Miguel Ruiz, Don Jose Ruiz and Janet Mills. Humans are unique basing on how they were brought up, cultural background, religion, education level and a myriad of many other factors. However, we are all humans and our brothers’ keepers. I have previously been both hurt and encouraged by the words of others towards me and also hurt others by my words towards them. This has a direct bearing with the book The Fifth Agreement: A Practical Guide to Self-Mastery. In their first agreement, Ruiz, Ruiz and Mills (38) urge readers to be impeccable with their word. On the contrary, I have seen students from my years in schools and employees in my professional career suffer emotionally and psychologically from what a colleague said recklessly. This was mainly through stereotypes that people have against different cultures, ethnicities or even races. This remains a major problem both among individuals and societies because they do not want to seek out the truth first before openly airing their views but rather, only rely on age-old s tereotypes. While The Fifth Agreement: A Practical Guide to Self-Mastery teaches that people should speak with integrity and only say what they mean, the opposite is being done. I now realize that the perpetrators should have taken their time to learn more about their targets. This will contribute in mutual social cohesion and avoid hurting others. For example, I was once told in school that I was not fit to sit at a certain table in the cafeteria because of my ethnicity, yet it was the only one with space and I ended up eating standing.

Post-Partum Depression in Latin American Women in the South Bronx Research Paper

Post-Partum Depression in Latin American Women in the South Bronx (Ages 20-25) - Research Paper Example South Bronx is an area well known in United States that was heavily crashed by the Second World War. The war affected all sectors of life, economic, social, political, and cultural and employment. Due to the impact of the war, people in this area live in great poverty and under poor conditions (Sierra, 2008). Q. 2. Since many centuries back, there was a relationship between depression and childbirth. Nowadays, researches have been done and clear evidence that many depression and other mental conditions are as a result of pregnancy. This is in accordance with Latin American Researchers who found out that mood turmoil in women especially depression are related to pregnancy. South Bronx is the poorest district in the United States. Additionally, it is the district that reports many cases of women ailing postpartum depression. Of the total population, 256,544 which represent 38% live below the poverty line. This is in accordance with a report issued by US census Bureau (Sierra, 2008). Re ports show that approximately 61% of women experience anxiety after birth and later reduces during the fifth week after childbirth. An average of 13% of women experience PPD which may last for months after delivery Chances of a woman experiencing PPD vary depending with age, background, level of education, history of depression among others. ... Many people living in South America are Latin and black Americans. Majority of Latinos’ and black Americans live in South Bronx, a district known to be lived by people with no prospect of employment (Sierra, 2008). A large population of people has low income while the rest are unemployed. In 2005, 205,000 middle age women were treated with PPD in the United States. The cause of the high rise of postpartum depression in this area in young women is due to lack of financial support, unexpected pregnancies and abandonment (Sierra, 2008). Many young women in south Bronx engage in illegal activities like prostitution, drug trafficking, alcoholism and robbery to earn a living. These are some of the risk factors causing depression which is the cause of PPD. Additionally, poor health conditions is another factor leading to postpartum depression in Latin Americans living in south Bronx. Due to poverty, many women do not receive health assistance during pregnancy and after birth. For tho se who seek medical assistance, chances are that they receive low quality services due to lack of enough finances. It is normal that during the first few weeks many women experience moody feelings, lose appetite, hopelessness, difficulty in sleeping due to hormonal changes during pregnancy and after birth (Rosenfield, 2006). These feelings are called baby blues which are normal feeling to almost 80% of new mothers. In some cases, these feelings can be persistence leading to serious mental disorders like postpartum depression (PPD) or postpartum psychosis. This condition may affect women in their early years (20-30) of reproduction than during the late years. The main reason is unwanted pregnancies, poverty, abortion, complications during

Did the antebellum reformers succeed in their efforts to better Essay

Did the antebellum reformers succeed in their efforts to better America between 1820 and 1860 - Essay Example Yet, without the period of spirited public debate the reform movements may have been locked into silence. The reformers, while not being able to avert political problems, were able to bring reform into the public debate in the areas of race, gender, and class. It would appear that the antebellum reformers were a failure on race, but the results would come after this period. The Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850 (and its subsequent overturning), and the Fugitive Slave Act were the product of this period that showed no promise for the race equality that reformers called for. Yet, the backlash against the movement and the hope that was contained in the reformers' message precipitated the Civil War and the end of slavery. According to Epps, the reform would go far beyond the mere releasing of slaves and would "...require far-reaching changes in the state-federal balance, the federal separation of powers, and the internal political systems of the individual Southern states" (180). This restructuring of the Union, though no yet realized in 1860, had gained momentum and was a successful reform movement. The movement towards reform also affected women's rights and by 1860 had formed coalitions that were working for the rights of women and minorities.

Corrections and Additional Issues in Criminal Justice Essay

Corrections and Additional Issues in Criminal Justice - Essay Example The origins of corrections of the United States criminal justice system date back during the early colonization era; this practice was ascribed from European colonizing countries (May et al, 2007). Corrections generally refer to â€Å"the supervision of persons arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses† (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2012). Corrections carry varied functions and are performed by different government agencies, which are involved in imposing social control and lessening crimes through punishment and management of those who are sentenced (Stohr et al., 2008). Further, corrections are delimited to three main functions: (1) imprisonment; (2) parole; (3) probation (Garner, 2009). By and large, any offender is not automatically sent to corrections; â€Å"the first exposure most people have to the criminal justice system is the police† (May et al., 2007) after committing any form of legal violation. Before an offender or suspected offender is forwarded to the corrections, the offender will have to undergo a trial on which he or she is given the chance to defend himself or herself against accusations or alleged suspicions; and to clear his or her name. After being found guilty, the offender is now handed in to the corrections, wherein the offender will have to submit to a punishment. In history, punishments were stern and ruthless. Due to deficient resources to construct buildings in which convicted individuals would be incarcerated, early civilizations resorted to some grave punishments; â€Å"defendants who were found guilty were subjected to corporal punishment (physical punishments such as whippings)†¦ or executed soon after the sentence was imposed† (May et al., 2007). However, less inhumane punishments such as shame was also employed as a form of condemnation. With the progression of time, system of executions has likewise progressed into

Anthropology of Marxists, Marxians, and Marxish Essay

Anthropology of Marxists, Marxians, and Marxish - Essay Example The Hegelian system formulated the idea of self-consciousness that derived secular terms such as ‘the man’. This term created religious conceptions that characterized what would be a moral man whose basis drew from moral, political, theological among a list of other traits. In this text, Rosas as Marxian criticizes the way in which people along the Mexican border cannot be free to roam around their nation because of the intensified border patrols mounted by the USA in this territory. Essentially, when Rosas speaks to some Mexicans they tell him that they are only free when they live in the sewer lines that connect the USA and Mexico, which is basically an effect of capitalism. In most cases, those that seek to go to the USA to seek better opportunities opt to use the sewer line that connects the states of Sonora and Arizona, for the fear of being subjected to humiliating checks at the border (Rosas 2). Most of them attract the stereotype that they could be drug peddlers, which most might not be the case hence making it hard for them to access or receive US citizenship, which is a social conflict that Rosas seeks to address. Here, Foucault argues that subjects that fell under an individual in power had no option but to put their lives at risk for this person because what mattered was him to maintain his authority without caring about what would happen to them. Foucault criticizes ‘the right under the power of life and death’ because this meant those in power had the authority to take life as well as this was the law. The argument embedded here is that the western powers have borrowed from this archaic law that was applicable especially in Rome by introducing ‘deduction’, which encompasses incitement, bossing around, control and optimization among a list of other traits as elements of being in power (Foucault Michel 79).

Place name disambiguation pages Essay Example for Free

Place name disambiguation pages Essay Have you ever heard the saying, â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover and wondered what it meant? Sandra Cisneros, author of the short story, Salvador Late or Early, creates a frame of mind and brings fourth a sad and sympathetic feeling within the reader towards Salvador; who is a young boy with more weight on his shoulder than any average kid his size should have to bare. Cisneros uses imagery, diction, and characterizes Salvador as solitary, troubled, and as unnoticed child. Who takes on more responsibilities as a young boy than most would imagine at a glance, that any kid would have to endure. Author Sandra Cisneros uses simplistic tone to create a sympathetic frame of mind within the reader by using an range of imagery to grab the readers attention. Cisneros describes Salvadors responsibilities, the way he looks, and where Salvador lives leaving the reader tender in thought toward Salvador. â€Å"Inside that forty-pound body of boy with its geography of scars, its history of hurt, limbs stuffed with feathers and rags†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Cisneros) illustrate a weak, flimsy young boy with no sense of hope or direction. Cisneros then goes on to state, In that vague direction where homes are the color of bad weather†¦, painting a dark cloud over the home of Salvador inside the readers mind. Cisneros never gives the reader a specific age for Salvador but we can tell from the diction being used along with the specific details given to us by the author that Salvador is a young boy given an incredible amount of responsibility. The reader can also assume that Salvador has a head of the house type role. Also the reader immediately picks up on how poor Salvador and his family are when Cisneros writes, combs their hair with water, feeds them milk and cornflakes from a tin cup in the dim dark of the morning. This all being done by the young Salvador and by this passage the reader picks up on a depressing feeling that leaves the audience fascinated and worried at the problems this young boy is in. Cisneros labels the main character with great detail that he has a past shrouded in problem and puzzlement which in turn, leaves the reader mind with the question of what could have happened to this boy that left him with such with such a burden to carry. Salvador whose name the teacher cannot remember, is a boy who is no ones friend,†¦ (Cisneros) this statement describes Salvador as a loner and not very out spoken considering his own teacher cant remember his name. In conclusion Sandra Cisneros creates a very graphic visualization of the characteristics that help the reader build an image and a diverse amount of feelings towards the character Salvador. Leaving the reader questioning the past of the young boy, which seems to eat away at his inner emotions and will continue to do so until there is nothing left but a empty shell of pain, and agony. Burdened at a young age with the role as the head of the household young, shy, Salvador is faced each day with obstacles not many his age must overcome. Filled with a past full of secrecy, Salvador pushes forward each day braving this storm not only for himself, but for his younger siblings and a Mama, who seems to be on her own also. Described as his limbs stuffed with feathers and rags, (Cisneros) a valid argument can be made that Salvador holds more than just pain, and agony within. One can argue that any young boy who has to burden the trouble and responsibilities that Salvador carries on his shoulders each day represents, the brave and determined will to go on not for himself but for the other he loves and that quality in anyone no matter size, or age makes them an amazing person.

Issues in Altering Historical Buildings

Issues in Altering Historical Buildings Interventions, the contemporary versus the historic, timeless or trend, sympathetic or callous? An investigation into the relationship between historic architecture and contemporary interventions, An insight into Britishness and the controversy of altering historical buildings. There are currently a lot of high profile builds which involve an old building gaining a new addition, an example being the plans for the Tate Modern art gallery extension, (FIG)which has been very controversial and created a split in opinions, but why? Is it due to the proposed structure being such a contrast to the existing ex-industrial palette of brick and masonry or is it due to people not liking the aesthetic of the new design, or is it something different all together. Why are these type of projects so controversial? What is it about the deliberate contrast of styles that separates traditionalists from modernist thinkers so strongly? Are these old buildings being utilised better with their new additions or is it simply a fad, which like Modernism will mean the buildings may be seen as useless or ineffective structures that will be demolished and replaced in a matter of decades. Understanding this theory better involves looking at why these buildings have had Contemporary additions added to the existing structure, whether they have been re purposed, saved from demolition, been given a new lease of life, or have simply been enlarged. Looking at specific examples will determine whether or not the additions have been successful or unsuccessful and whether the modification has truly been in the buildings best interests or is simply part of a trend which is just an architectural gimmick, which may or may not stand the test of time. The junction between historic and Contemporary materials is also an important factor of this merging of styles, for example the architect behind the Public Library in Landau, Germany, Lamott Architekten commented that the point of which the former outer wall has been perforated are rendered as wounds., Does the delicacy of the conjunction between materials effect negative outcry in relation to the historic building, does the new design have respect for the existing structure, whether or not there is any major displacement of any historic stone work, or any original features which are covered up or overshadowed by the new development. Are these additions part of the constant extension of buildings that has occurred for hundreds of years, or is there something about contemporary architecture that makes it different to styles of the past. Is it what some people see as the building organically changing and growing, or is this movement a reaction to the recent environmental stance to arch itectural design, and simply a way to reuse old building rather than demolishing them, and altering them to be more energy efficient. Is there need for a more restrictive or a more accepting approach to planning for these kind of projects, or do the restrictions mean that only the best designs are put forward, and if regulations were not in place would many historic buildings would be ruined by badly designed or poorly planned interventions or is there simply too much bureaucracy and petty regulations keeping progress to the bare minimum and standing in the way of landmark projects. Would it be better for a building to be transformed into a contemporary usable building, when the alternative is for it be left to degrade and to be forgotten. In concern with Britain in particular is the collective reservedness holding contemporary architecture and progress in the designed environment back? Will this phenomena ruin our historical buildings stock and confuse our countrys heritage, or is there a more positive impact on society that can be sought from well designed contemporary architecture. The use of the word statement plays a big part of this debate, is this movement solely about creating a statement piece of contemporary design just to make an impact, or will it prove to have more depth, and become something more permanent in the architectural world. Is the fact that projects such as the Reichtag and the Ontario museum even exist suggest that despite the controversy that there is an overall gradually changing opinion as to how historic buildings are modified. The contrast between a landmark and an iconic building, is great, can they ever be combined to create something timeless. Chapter 1: How did the idea of preservation in architecture come into being. How has the movement of adding to existing evolved over time. In the debate of which method is better conversion restoration or extension. The more sensible option of restoration, (to use historically accurate building methods and materials to create a mimic of the existing), can be seen as more sympathetic to the building. In a conversion of a medieval public library in Spain (FiG) it was commented that Through simple repair measures, carefully fitted to match the building, and only a few new additions, the atmosphere and splendour of the original building substance pervades (Cramer and Breitling 2007, p.33) To understand the idealism behind the preservation of old buildings, in particular in the United Kingdom, It must first be understood how and why the idea of buildings being protected came to pass. Phil Venning from the Society for the protection of ancient buildings explained that the beginning of historical building preservation stems from what the Victorians were doing Between 1840 to 1870 there was a huge process of restoring churches and cathedrals. Half or all medieval churches were restored and the problem was the nature of that restoration. Take St Alburns church, not one single stone from the original building was reused. It was a complete Victorian makeover, a complete invention that bore no relation to anything historical that existed before, so hundreds of years of genuine history were wiped away for the sake of something fantastical and completely unnecessary.(Venning 09) Historical buildings often have a long and complicated past, many things that happened within the b uilding are unknown, this mystery and wonder create a sort of affection for the historic, architectural or otherwise. There is a contradiction in feeling about historic things, Most peoples opinion of old artefacts is contradictory. For many the old often represents stagnation and decay. On the other hand, the old is also treated with a certain respect, recognising the fact that the ageing process involves survival in the face of difficulties. The very fact that something has been conserved can stimulate wonder and reflection. Perhaps it is the familiarity of old things that one values, and the experiences which have contributed to their survival over time. The traces of ageing can be perceived as a form of cultural identity.(Cramer, Breiltlig, 2007) Looking back on particular examples of buildings that were added to or restored in the past clearly shows why certain protection was needed to preserve historic buildings. Longleat house in Wiltshire is a very extreme example of how Victorian style additions could be unsympathetic to the original structure. Within Longleats interior are numerous hidden voids, where new additions and interior layout changes are fitted within the existing structure often leaving huge voids which can only be accessed through tiny service doors and are totally blocked off. One of the biggest voids in the building contains a beautiful clock face. It is still maintained, and is in perfect working order, but very few people ever see it, as in order to view the clock face an angled mirror and a torch are needed. This type of loss of history lead to the creation of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings in 1877. One of the main concerns of those opposed to this movement is the preservation of historical culture, not being a priority and how through these ultra modern additions it is being lost in order to create more of an universal style, with less emphasis on a specific culture as, due to technology and its effect on communication it is more international rather than national. Architects can now work with buildings thousands of miles away, and may have never personally visited the site in question, this fact alone, along with many other factors, including globalisation means that it is inevitable that some form of universal style is to develop. However, on the contrary to this it is seen that each building is developed based on its site, its context, including its past and historical value and its use, meaning that no two buildings could ever be developed in the exact same way.(quote) This means that utilising a universal style can never be a generic scenario as it was during the Modernist period. Historically new styles were developed through travel and exploration. The grand tour for example that took place during the 19th century involved English noblemen and architects exploring Europe, in order to be inspired by existing architecture and bring them back to Britain, hence the birth of the Renaissance style. The grand tourists were very destructive in their exploration, many chipping of details from the buildings to keep as mementos and carving their names in the walls of ancient temples. Renaissance architecture was formed through the misunderstandings and reinterpretations of Greek and Roman architecture. An example of this being that many grand homes in Britain were inspired by Greek and Roman temples. Temples were built for certain gods to seek shelter, so the interior was never meant to be seen by the average townspeople. Creating homes based on the design changes the concept behind the original form altogether. This is one of many examples of how the British reinterpr eted another cultures style of architecture to create a new style that is seen as quintessentially British. The idea of adding to existing in a current style has been occurring for centuries. Many precious buildings have been added to in different periods, for example Chillham Castle in Canterbury in which Major alterations were made in the late 18th century by Thomas Heron and his Wildman successors, in the 1860s by Charles Hardy and finally in the 1920s by Sir Edmund Davis.(Peters 08). This was before William Morris introduced laws to protect old buildings, and there was obviously not the same feeling of preciousness that is felt with concern of old buildings as there is today. Chillham castle is an excellent example of how the whole building was changed depending on the style that was in fashion, In 1775-76, Heron refitted the Jacobean house almost throughout in Georgian style.(Peters 08) This was not necessarily always the best for the building, however, In what has been termed an evil afterthought Brandon put a replacement oriel window over the front door, roughly resembling the origi nal but using his own heavy design. (Peters 08). In the 1920s Chillham castle was restored to its previous Jacobean state as much as possible, which while maybe benefiting the building in its layout and overall coherence, had erased hundreds of years of history. Thus the fenestration changes of the 18th and 19th centuries have been largely swept away, and the external elevations must look today substantially as they were originally in 1616 (Peters 08) This is a different approach to current renovation methods, in that in contemporary additions seek to enhance the historic, rather than replace the historic in order to achieve the illusion of a historic building. During the 60s the movement of altering the historic, became more familiar to what contemporary additions try to do today. Architects such as by Carlo Scarpa, Pierre Chareau and Ignazio Gardella, bridged the gap with innovative solution to reuse of old buildings, which is looked at further in Chapter 4. (need to bridge gap between these paragraphs) These ideas could be used with contemporary interventions where by instead of feeling frightened or intimidated by change of precious historic building stock the British should embrace this new trend, because if we do not then we will not develop a contemporary British style, and that is what frightens us most. Chapter 2: How does the collective British psyche affect projects trying to contrast old and new? Does the planning system have to change to keep the UK at the forefront of current design? As discussed in chapter 1, the introduction of restrictions in altering old buildings has changed the way in which they are preserved, and how architectural fashion affects the previous history. Planning laws can be restrictive in the renovation process. Many historical buildings are listed which mean that certain criteria concerning structural changes and material use have to be obeyed. It is difficult to determine whether or not these restrictions are not changing enough to keep up with current demands of modern living such as open plan spaces and environmental efficiency. It is interesting how the opinion about implementation of contemporary additions between planning authorities differ. In Alain De Bottons book The architecture of happiness and his accompanying television programme The perfect home not only does he give examples of projects that strived to create a addition, and fought a battle with planning laws over the idea of contemporary being more appropriate that mock or p astiche, but he also looks into why pastiche may be the preferred choice, not just by the planners but of Britains general public. Public opinion plays a big part in a buildings success. Does the publics opinion truly reflects the merits of the building and the design, or is the public view still tainted with a lack of distrust of Contemporary style design after the failings of the Modernist movement. Is it still the safe but pastiche option that the general public favours? Is the idea of fitting in still deep set into the minds of people as being the more acceptable and therefore the best option? In order to understand this ideal we must look to the modern housing stock. Pastiche has been able to run riot with the UKs housing. Mock Tudor and Elizabethan houses are everywhere, many are built by developers without even a consultation with an architect. These buildings are familiar, they are safe, they are seen to involve less risk. In this country in particular the conservative minds et appears to be holding back the contemporary in architecture but not in technology or communication or amenities, what does this say about how we feel about the spaces we occupy. Alain De Botton refers to Vilhelm Worringer a 20th Century philosopher that argued that people fell in love with specific types or styles of architecture because it contained or symbolised something that that person, or that persons society was lacking, hence Alain De Botton links this to the theory that pastiche fake Tudor and Georgian new build homes are favoured as a parallel to the ugly landscapes of factories and industrial units that a technologically advanced society produces. This could be seen as an underlying reason for the infusion of Historical and Contemporary architecture being so controversial, it evokes confusion with feeling of wanting to retreat to the past away from technology and advancement. The idea of the modern bringing the Historical into the new millennium may frighten people into a dislike for these projects. One paticular example Alain De Botton pick out is one that challenges this theory and suggests that individuals are now starting to realise the positi ve aspects of Contemporary architecture and how it can be more sympathetic to the genuine historic than make believe pastiche. Wakelins is a Tudor mansion that was refurbished and extended by James Gorst architects as a private home for James Gorst himself. The striking contemporary extension can be seen to have more in common to the original structure as it is also timber framed, where as a pastiche mock Tudor extension would be a masonry structure. James Gorst commented that styles can co-exist without conflict and that you can be respectful of the past but in your own era (Gorst 08) Another example Botton uses is a small subtle contemporary extension to a Georgian terraced house in East London (FIG). This extension was specifically designed by Henning Stummel architects to house toilet facilities on each floor of the house. The reasoning for this is to create a more accurate Edwardian layout. As the Edwardians did not have bathrooms one was created at a later date on the top floo r causing disruption to the flow of the house. The new extension allowed the flow of the house to be restored to the original. These two example defends the theory that A true homage rarely looks like one (Botton 08) that something can be historically sensitive with out aesthetically matching anything from the past. This extension could be seen as beneficial to the house by some, and beautiful with its timber panelling and block like windows, but it involved a long and arduous battle with the local planning committee, which in its entirety took two years, as the council favoured a mock Edwardian extension. This is contrasting evidence to opinions of the likes of Peter Vennning from the society for the protection of ancient buildings who would always rather something that is innovative and well designed that simply copying what was there already (Venning 09) This constant struggle with opinions of the council and planning with individuals creates a barrier between the success and th e compromise of contemporary additions to Historic buildings. This could suggest that there is a problem in this country about accepting contemporary architecture, however there is the issue that it is only in the residential sector that this is apparent. In the United Kingdom there are some award winning contemporary buildings, and they are common place for projects such as theatres, libraries and universities. People obviously appreciate their public and commercial buildings to be contemporary, and in custom built projects the building layout to best reflect its purpose. This theory is then reversed when we look at the modern British home, which only seeks to replicate the old. There is a British trait to be very proud of our homes, but it is questionable why this has manifested itself in such a way in this country and differently in most other countries. It is a view that British people take pride in their home, in particular with aspects such as DIY or do it yourself being seen as quintessentially British DIY is something of a national pastime on Bank Holidays in the UK (unknown, 09) This however is an aspect in itself that leads the public to believe that homes are a personal thing. This, in the past has lead to disagreements between architects and home owners, one example being Le Corbusier and the villa Savoye, and the client being told not to put curtains up as it would spoil the inside outside effect created by the curtain glass. This posed the problem of creating a compromise between good design and an aesthetically pleasing building, and tak ing into consideration client needs and the practical every day functioning of the building. All this evidence suggests that the gap between the public opinion and the architects opinion needs to be bridged. The planning department can be seen as the people to bridge the gap, however they seen to subconsciously be reinforcing the distrust the public have with contemporary design with the favour of pastiche and mock, rather than championing the projects that if built could start to change the publics perception of contemporary architecture. This outlines the main issue that if well designed contemporary projects are not built they will still be seen as the abnormal. It is already outlined that the British public find a sense of security in older style buildings as they are well known, vast in number and familiar. Therefore it seems that it is impossible to bridge this gap without upsetting the British public at some stage. The planning committee have the power to change the publics p erception however they are part of the British public in themselves and their preferences for mock can be seen as a reserved or scared move on their behalf. Architects have an understanding of how contemporary architecture works, and how it can be beneficial in a modern society. This could be seen to suggest that there must be a form of making the public aware of contemporary architecture and how it works, for this fear is based on a lack of understanding, or simply refusing to understand. The current debate on this issue is fore fronted by Prince Charles. In a very British manner he is opposing many architects work in defence of preservation of historical buildings in the UK. Prince Charles, Royal, although with no official authority for building regulations, has become the spokesperson for this debate. However his very traditional views have been controversial even to those who support the cause. Philosophically the princes claim to be the protector of tradition does not bear scrutiny. He recently resigned as patron of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) because he does not understand or subscribe to its manifesto, as set down by its founder, William Morris. The key SPAB principle is that no adaptation or extension to an historic building should seek to imitate the original, but be distinct and of its own time. To quote: a feeble and lifeless forgery is the final result of all the wasted labour. That one of the princes advisers also designs for Disneyland is symptomatic of a preference for a sanitised version of the past, stripped of the authentic vitality Morris sought to defend. (Macintosh 09) This difference in opinion reflects the much wider debate of whether to adapt buildings in a contemporary way or as traditionally as possible. Prince Charles can be seen as a typically British example. Part of the Monarchy but with effectively with no authority in matters including architecture, he feels his opinion more valid than that of William Morris and the entire staff at the Society for the protection of Ancient Buildings But the prince is understood to have particularly objected to the suggestion that restoring old houses in their original style often results in a pastiche an unflattering hotchpotch of materials and forms taken from different sources -and took pains to say as much.(English 09) With figure heads such as these portraying their opinion of the correct practice, as archaic mimicking, is it no wonder that the British public, that which is still in admiration of its monarchy, something which is very uniquely British, can the lesser known faces of this debate, such as the SPAB be considered within public consideration. However there are points raised by prince Charles that defend the idea that there is a difference in opinion or a gap of understanding between architects and the general public that must be addressed A gulf is continuing to divide architects from the rest of society because of their obsession with forms (Hurst 09). However even Prince Charles admitted that the planning system needed reform, which means that there is proof that the planning system does not even benefit those traditionalist ideas concerning architecture. There is recent contraversay about Prince Charles position within this architectural debate. The recent withdrawl of foreign funding for a high end contemporary development in London due to the Princes interfearence has angered many. It could be seen that Charles should be trying to urge foreign developers to invest in housing, to benefit the country as a whole, especially in a time of economic crisis. Many others challenged the design of the building, mainly those of a certain authority and age range Palace officials are likely to argue that the prince was only one voice against the Candys plans for Chelsea Barracks. Lord Stockton, grandson of Harold MacMillan, the former prime minister (Chittenden,09) The Prince also stated his views on his prefered alternative He proposed a classical alternative that mirrored the 17th-century Royal Hospital, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, across the street. (Chittenden,09) This comment is an example of how people are afraid of something new, a nd prefere the security of something that already exists, the pastiche. If the Prince becomes king in the future then the debate will become increasingly intense, which poses the possibility that more and more pastiche will find its was to the buildings sites, rather than something more exciting and innovative. The idea of recreating a like the Royal hospital, means that the newer building will only ever be a lesser building than the original, due to the fact that mimicking something with contemporary techniques will ultimatly compromise the overall integrity of the building, particularly when the original is as close as Prince Charles proposed. In esscence pastiche architecture is putting style out of context, in respect of time. Is it then not that different from structures in theme parks and museums? This can be epitimised by the fact that as discussed prevoisuly one of prince Charles advisors also designs for Disneyland. This could be seen as Prince Charles prioritising style ov er substance, whcih is surely not how successful buildings are designed. The idea of replicating an old building is never doing the original building justice, as it will always be compromised by contemporary requirements as well as contemporary building codes and planning regulations.. This could, in extreme circumstances in the future, lead to old buildings being demolished in favour of pastiche, as mock buildings are created in the relevant period and are therefore more suitable for current use.It could be said that to truly appreciate old buildings they muse have a contrast, in order to keep the rarety and preciousness of its design. Another aspect of architecture that Prince Charles has been talking about is sustainability. In a recent talk he was considered to come across as an intellectual Luddite, whose only solution is to retreat into a Hobbit-like world of organic earthy buildings and no cars. (Baillieu, 09) This is linked in Prince Charles speech with the idea that he is w ary or afraid of experimentation within the architectural genre. its his belief that the challenge of climate change can be solved without experimentation. This is where the speech unravelled for in making out experimentation to be a terrifying leap in the dark rather than something good based on hypotheses and a body of knowledge (Baillieu, 09). It is easy to see how these two aspects come together to form this overall opinion. This is again relating back to the idea of being afraid of the unknown and the security of the familiar which is known to have existed and survived for a period of time. However it is clear that without experimentation it will be impossible to combat the climate changing effects of our current architectural stock without stepping into the unknown and experimenting to create new technology and contemporary design. This supports the idea of moving on from historical design and designing in a more intellegent way in order to combat this problem, and start developing ideas for architecture that the future requires. This point in argued by those who support the science and technology of this debate In his famous two cultures lecture, the novelist and scientist CP Snow warned that if people wanted to turn their backs on science and the benefits of industrialisation they were free to make that choice. I respect you for the strength of your aesthetic revulsion, he said. But I dont respect you in the slightest if, even passively, you try to impose the same choice on others who are not free to choose.(Baillieu, 09). This also supports the idea that some part of the population are not nessessarily lead by their own choice but rather the choice of figureheads in their society. This directly relates to Prince Charles and the negative impact he could have on the populations views concerning architecture. It is easy to see how people become patriotic about this countries old buildings, but surely opposing anything contemporary in architecture at all is hindering the progress of the country as a whole. The destruction of old buildings during the first and second world wars helped to create the feeling of preciousness for the old buildings that survived. Modernism that took advantage of the loss of historical buildings to create something new, which even involved demolishing old buildings that survived the air raids. This was admired by young architectural minds but disliked by older more traditionalist architects as well as the public. This Modern style of building was very much a duplicating style with certain design rules that had to be followed by every building, which lead them to have a very generic quality. This strict code of aesthetic design lead to many of the buildings being demolished as little as ten to thirty years later, due to the fact that the buildings were deemed to have no soul and were considered ugly and harsh aesthetically. The destructive qualities of Modernism and the architects ideas of town planning, showed not only the public but also the architectural wo rld how important it was to create structures that were not only functional but iconic, and to create something the public could enjoy, not just the architectural elite. Modernism as a movement angered many people who were dedicated to preserving history, and ever since then they have been fiercely protective of old buildings and the work that is done with them. Many people however who have acquired old buildings with the intent on restoring them, have to wait months and deal with infuriating, bureaucracy before they can start work,. In a lot of cases until the necessary permissions are granted the owners are powerless and must watch as the building they own deteriorates further putting the building itself at risk. An example of this is the work carried out on a folly in Monmouth(FIG)(Gillilan 09) to restore the original building which is from the 16th century but was rebuilt after being struck by lightening in the late 1890s. They also wanted to include a modern extension and to te ar down the 20th century additions that were not appropriate for the building, trying to mimic the original with rendered concrete that were causing damage to the existing structure. This project included an equal amount of restoration and extension, designed by architects with thoughtful and delicate conjunction between modern and historic materials shows how with better technology and more sympathetic building materials our views to restoring old buildings is slowly changing. The planning committee of a local council however is not the only opposition an individual with Contemporary taste must face. Public approval is vital for a successful planning application, and neighbours opposition can stop a project even beginning. In Ling, a small historical village in Norfolk a resident wished to build a contemporary house on the site of his old pottery shed. He has been trying to get permission for his dwelling for years, and his biggest obstacle is the villagers themselves, who think the building is ugly and doesnt fit in The question is why did this matter so much, and why exactly did the new building not fit in? The building is proposed to be made from traditional methods with local materials so it is the contemporary style of the building the villagers find so offensive. The resident in question commented that there is something peculiarly British about this putting the past on a pedestal and that everything old is sacrosanct and you touch it at your peril. But is it just the British who feel this way, or is it something that is part of any country with a long history and a wealth of historical buildings. A contrast to this would be to look at a country where this is not the case. Dubai is mostly desert, but due to

major moral conflict in antigone

major moral conflict in antigone Moral Conflict in Antigone Essay The major moral conflict in Antigone by Sophocles is the conflict over which value is most fundamental. The play presents the moral conflict over whether the gods law or the citys law is more powerful. This seems to be the most prominent theme. The conflict arises mainly between the tragic heroes Antigone and her uncle-in-law Creon, King of Thebes. The city of Thebes had been through a war in which Antigone and her sister Ismene have lost both of their brothers to it, Eteocles and Polyneices. Eteocless fighting for Thebes was buried and honored as a hero. (lines 24-26) Polyneices was left unburied and dishonored because he is considered an enemy of the city. (lines 27-32) Creon edicts that whoever broke the law by burying Polyneices will be considered a criminal. (lines 203-209) The conflict between Antigone and Creon arises when she decides she must honor her brothers death and gives him burial. (line 72) I myself will bury him, she expressed to Ismene. Once Antigone has buried her brother, she is brought before King Creon to explain her actions. (p. 177) Sophocles presents the two sides of the conflict, moral law versus city law; Antigone expresses the side of moral law and Creon expresses his side with the laws of the city. Antigone begins by telling her sister Ismene it was her duty as a sister that she should bury her dead brother. It is a duty she owes to her family. She also expresses that the king will not keep me from my own. In other words, duty to the family is above her duty to the city. Antigone also tells Ismene that she is willing to become a criminal and die for her beliefs. She believes her death will not be in vain, and it is honoring her family; and the gods, in turn, will recognize that as true honor. She continues by saying that she woul d rather please her dead brother than the city, so she disobeys the law. (line 89) When a messenger comes to Creon, bringing the news that Antigone has buried her brother, he begins his arguments why Antigone has broken the law. He begins by stating that a man shows what he is made of by his skill in rule and law. In other words, the law is everything and as a ruler, he must do everything for his country. He considers Polyneices an enemy of the city and a threat to the security of the city as well. Thus Polyneices will be called a traitor in life and in death and dishonored. The scene when Antigone and Creon face each other is the opportunity for both to defend themselves. Creon questions Antigone. She bases her responses on that the city laws proclaiming her as illegal are not the laws of Zeus or laws proclaimed by gods, but rather, laws made by a man that one day will also die. She will honor her brothers death because this is what the gods have proclaimed for all mankind. (lines 460-463) In the dialogue between Creon and Antigone she also defends herself when he questions her as to why an enemy should be honored. She responds by saying she loved her brothers and her family, and they are not her enemies. Creon also asked Antigone why she was the only one defying him. She answers him by saying that there are many others who do not speak out because they fear him. (lines 508-509) Antigone offers one last argument in stating that she loves her family and will welcome death because she will join her dear family. If she has broken any of the gods laws, she will know when she dies. She believes that good-will will have come from her death. (lines 878-882) Creon responds to Antigone by calling her a criminal. She has disobeyed his law. If he lets her live, he will become a liar in the eyes of the city. (pp. 186-187) Creon considers himself as a good ruler; good rules cannot possibly allow his own family to rebel against him, in being disobedient because others will do the same. A good ruler must also put the laws and country above everything else. If he allows disobedience, it will destroy everything. (line 671) Part of the conflict is also presented by Haemon. Haemon is Creons son and Antigones future husband. Haemon comes to offer his father and advice. He tells his father the people of the city are calling him unjust for killing Antigone. Haemon advises his father that a good ruler is one that is open-minded and not ashamed of learning something new. The city wants Creon to let the girl live. (lines 692-695) Haemon also tells his father if he goes through with his determination of killing Antigone, he will be dishonoring the gods. Haemon calls his fathers judgment empty. (p. 190) Another aspect of city laws versus gods laws is presented by the prophet Teiresias. He also advises Creon to leave the dead man alone. (lines 1027-1030) Creon will not gain anything by killing one over a dead man. Creon is held steadfast on his belief; not even Zeus himself will change his mind. (line 1040) The prophet says to Creon that the best thing a man has is his ability to listen to advice. (line 1050) Tieresiass conclusion by telling Creon if he kills Antigone he would have dishonored the gods and will pay for it. (line 1072) In presenting Antigones and Creons views, Sophocles makes the reader realize Creon is acting unjustly. He refuses to see the good in Antigones actions. He also has placed a bigger value in the laws and the city than the love for his family, his son, daughter-in-law, mothers, and sisters. He refuses to see the laws of the gods until the prophet tells him he will pay. (line 1070) Antigone never questions the love for her family as Creon never questions what he considers his duty to the city until the end when his actions have led to the death of Antigone, Haemon and his wife. This conflict could be resolved rationally if Creon was able to listen to the advice of his son Haemon and the prophet Teiresias. Both advise him not to take action against Antigone. The laws of the city are dishonoring the laws of the gods. A case of internal conflict is presented in the person of Ismene. She too is very distraught by the death of her brothers and all of the tragedy that has fallen upon her family. (lines 50-60) The conflict is shown by all of the arguments she offers Antigone for not helping her with the burial of Polyneices. The first one is that she does not want the wrath of city law to fall on her. (line 58) She continues by adding that Antigone and she are only women that cannot fight men. (line 62) She also says she must be obedient to city laws and those who are stronger, no matter how painful it could be. (line 63) Lastly, Ismene says she shall yield on this to the authorities. (line 67) Its further proof of her internal conflict when upon her sisters fate Ismene confronts Creon and tells him she had a part in Polyneices burial. (line 537) She is willing now to join Antigone in her troubles and is not ashamed to admit it. (line 539) She is willing to join Antigone in death. In the case of Ismene, her character is able to resolve the conflict on her own. She realizes she is nothing without her family and Creons laws have taken her family away. The conflict presented in Antigone involves all the characters and tragic heroes. Whether its internal conflict or conflict between two people, the theme is present throughout the entire play. Opposing views lead the main characters to take actions that eventually destroy all.

Home Education: Legal and Beneficial Essay -- essays research papers

ARGUMENT PAPER Home Education: Legal and Beneficial Formal Outline Thesis: As parents, we not only have the right to educate our own children, but it is also our responsibility. I. Introduction II. Legality of homeschooling 1. Amendments a. 1st b. 14th c. 9th 2. Cases heard in court 3. State regulations a. teacher certification b. public school equivalency c. compelling state interest d. least restrictive means III. Benefits 1. Emotional 2. Spiritual 3. Educational IV. SOCIALIZATION – the main opposing argument 1. Opportunities for in homeschooling 2. Negative in public (or private) schools 3. Results of testing conducted V. Not a new fad, back to the way we were 1. Notables who were homeschooled 2. History of current homeschool movement VI. Conclusion Home Education: Legal and Beneficial While the idea of schooling children at home is not new to our country, it is new to our generation. Most parents today, including myself, are a product of the school system and rarely explore all of the options for schooling our children. Due to a lack of knowledge, we place our children in a preschool, then a kindergarten, eight years of elementary, and four years of secondary school. Fourteen or fifteen years (preschool is now beginning at age three) of our children’s lives are being spent away from us, and we’re wondering why we’ve lost touch with them. Psychologists now say that it’s not just quality time that we need with our kids, but quality and quantity time. How are we to give them a large amount of our time when they are away from us the majority of their waking hours? Homeschooling is the solution to this dilemma. Because of the lack of knowledge about schooling options, parents have many questions about homeschooling. Some of the major questions include the following: Is it legal?; Can it provide the same breadth of education?; and, most frequently, What about socialization? The responses to these questions make it clear that we have not only the right, but also the responsibility to school our children at home. Forty years ago, homeschooling was illegal in some places, so it is reasonable to question the legality of the homeschool. â€Å"Early homeschooling parents were legally threatened, arrested, and often brought to trial as abettors of truancy, sometimes even as child abusers†(Koetzsch 134).... ...nments were formed, and therefore families are quite capable of managing their affairs, including education, without the help of the government† (Blumenfeld 9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, an overwhelming lack of trust in public schools has arisen. Not only is the educational rigor disappearing, but there is now also a concern for the safety of our children. Studies have even shown that many high school graduates are not prepared for life after school. Some graduates have found a way to escape notice that they cannot even read, write adequately, or perform simple mathematical functions. A study by John Goodlad â€Å"sent note takers into a thousand classrooms, and they found that less than two percent of instructional time was spent on discussions requiring students to offer an opinion about something† (Guterson 42). A child whose intellect is not developed to the point of creating opinions and discussing them cannot fully participate in the adult world. The only way to make sure that our children do not fall through the cracks is to take them by hand and lead them one by one down the path of knowledge. School your children at home; it’s your right and responsibility.

Is the World Developing a Homogenous Culture? Essay -- Globalization

In response to globalization, many critics have become concerned with its effects on other cultures. Globalization is not merely the sharing of goods and people, but also the spread of ideology and values. So, what happens when the ideologies of different nations conflict? For those who support the cultural imperialism theory, the answer is simple? The more powerful countries’ ideas prevail, forcing the people of the less powerful country to quickly abandon their former ideas and adapt to the new ones. The result is that authentic cultures are ruined which will lead to a global homogeneous culture. However, those who oppose this theory contend that cultures are not ruined but expanded and enhanced to create more complex and diverse societies. In my paper I examined both arguments as well as the way in which American popular culture is spread. In particular, I will focus on the impact of American influence in Japan and Korea, both of which have been receptive to Americ an culture, and France. Most often, scholars cite media and business as the main form of cultural imperialism, but what is the true effect of watching American television and movies, listening to music, or eating a Big Mac? I don’t believe that there is a significant impact because while people from other cultures may emulate common American images and ideas, they also find different ways to adapt these new ideas into their traditional culture. These different methods of adaptation will lead to an even more complex global culture instead of a homogeneous one, while concepts of ethnocentrism will maintain diversity. Theories First, what is culture? Furthermore, is it destructible? Marvin Harris and Orna Johnson, the authors of Cultural Anthropology, r... ...cohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=16&hid=107&sid=c517a5a1-cad3-4e0a- 8850-8b75290ad3cc@sessionmgr114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ== Rauth, R. (1988). The myth of cultural imperialism. The Freeman, 38(11), Retrieved from http://www.thefreemanonline.org/columns/the-myth-of-cultural-imperialism/ Rinaman, K. (n.d.). French film quotas and cultural protectionism . Retrieved from http://www1.american.edu/ted/frenchtv.htm Rothkopf, D. (1997). In praise of cultural imperialism?. Foreign Policy, (107), Retrieved from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/protected/rothkopf.html Top 10 ways kfc in japan is different from kfc in the us . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.facingtherisingsun.com/japan-travel-tips-eating/japan-kfc-different U.S. Department of State. (2012, March 5). U.s. department of state. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm Is the World Developing a Homogenous Culture? Essay -- Globalization In response to globalization, many critics have become concerned with its effects on other cultures. Globalization is not merely the sharing of goods and people, but also the spread of ideology and values. So, what happens when the ideologies of different nations conflict? For those who support the cultural imperialism theory, the answer is simple? The more powerful countries’ ideas prevail, forcing the people of the less powerful country to quickly abandon their former ideas and adapt to the new ones. The result is that authentic cultures are ruined which will lead to a global homogeneous culture. However, those who oppose this theory contend that cultures are not ruined but expanded and enhanced to create more complex and diverse societies. In my paper I examined both arguments as well as the way in which American popular culture is spread. In particular, I will focus on the impact of American influence in Japan and Korea, both of which have been receptive to Americ an culture, and France. Most often, scholars cite media and business as the main form of cultural imperialism, but what is the true effect of watching American television and movies, listening to music, or eating a Big Mac? I don’t believe that there is a significant impact because while people from other cultures may emulate common American images and ideas, they also find different ways to adapt these new ideas into their traditional culture. These different methods of adaptation will lead to an even more complex global culture instead of a homogeneous one, while concepts of ethnocentrism will maintain diversity. Theories First, what is culture? Furthermore, is it destructible? Marvin Harris and Orna Johnson, the authors of Cultural Anthropology, r... ...cohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=16&hid=107&sid=c517a5a1-cad3-4e0a- 8850-8b75290ad3cc@sessionmgr114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ== Rauth, R. (1988). The myth of cultural imperialism. The Freeman, 38(11), Retrieved from http://www.thefreemanonline.org/columns/the-myth-of-cultural-imperialism/ Rinaman, K. (n.d.). French film quotas and cultural protectionism . Retrieved from http://www1.american.edu/ted/frenchtv.htm Rothkopf, D. (1997). In praise of cultural imperialism?. Foreign Policy, (107), Retrieved from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/protected/rothkopf.html Top 10 ways kfc in japan is different from kfc in the us . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.facingtherisingsun.com/japan-travel-tips-eating/japan-kfc-different U.S. Department of State. (2012, March 5). U.s. department of state. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm

No Groove in the Gunsights by Lars Kullberg :: essays research papers

No Groove in the Gunsights Always under the thumb of his dark mistress, the speaker struggles beneath her power. Try as he may, he will never be able to break the tie of lust between the two. His threats are not threatening to her, and he knows this. His power is beneath her's, and he knows this as well. By threatening his lover in the 140th sonnet, the speaker is merely admitting to his own helplessness to which he is forever bound. This appears to be the first sonnet in which he is taking a stand. Never before has he spoken in such a threatening tone: "Be wise†¦do not press/My tongue tied patience†¦" (140. 1-2). One might think that he is now revealing for the first time his yet unheard of power. But he has no such power. He knows that his threats do not frighten her†¦ so why does he even bother? Sure, he could untie his tongue and let the world know of her habits. However, no one would care. She is a dark lady—she and others like her are meant to be that way. He would only be telling what is already known. However, what she has to tell of him is not already known. Being a married man, he is not expected to have a mistress. She is his only mistress. They both know this as well. If he were to lose her, he would have nothing left. She knows his lust for her—his need for her. She knows he lives for her darkness and for the pleasure he finds in her†¦ temporary as it may be. Temporary yet lasting. There may be times when he thinks he can live without her, but the time comes again soon when he feels the familiar lust again. It is the lack of love which makes it temporary. However, it is the abundance of lust which makes it permanent. He is only one of her many lovers. If she were to loose him, she would still have many others to satisfy her. She takes comfort in the fact that he needs her and he remains under her thumb to almost any extent. The speaker knows she has many lovers. He claims to hate her unfaithfulness, but in fact he likes it. He likes the fact that she is nothing more than an object of sex†¦of temporary pleasure. If she were really in love with him and were truly faithful, he would be less attracted to her. The passion and the lust would be gone. So the question remains—why does he bother with these empty threats?

How important is the setting in R L Stevenson’s portrayal of a double life in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

The strange case of ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ was written in 1886 by Robert Lewis Stevenson. Robert Lewis Stevenson was born and brought up in Edinburgh in the 1850’s. He was part of a middle class family, his parents were strict Christians and it was very important to them that Stevenson behaved respectfully. When Stevenson was a child, Stevenson’s nanny frightened him with stories of hell and suffering which may have contributed to his ideas in the novel. When he was a young man in Edinburgh he may have used a false name or a hidden identity in order to indulge himself in forbidden activities or he may have fantasized about them, like crime, affairs and homosexuality. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Stevenson uses his experiences to describe the unpleasant side of life. The novel is about how Dr Jekyll leads a double life and its devastating consequences. The book reflects Victorian concerns about city life such as crime and poverty. The novel is set in the city of London and is significant in the novel because in general most gothic novels at that time were set far away or in unfamiliar surroundings, yet Stevenson sets the novel in London which shocked readers because it was a place they all knew which made them think that the themes discussed in the novel could be happening near them. This makes it more frightening to the reader and therefore made it a more popular novel. In the novel Stevenson describes London as ‘labyrinths of lamp lighted city’. This suggests that the city makes it possible for people to easily lose themselves in London. We see this in the novel when Stevenson says ‘he was often absent; for instance, it was nearly two months since she had seen him till yesterday’ (the day of the murder). This tells us that Hyde was often absent and it relates back to people losing themselves in the city. Another important aspect of the setting is the weather, which for most of the novel is described as ‘fogged city moon’ This creates an atmosphere of mystery and unknown and it also suggests that something might be about to happen. The chapter which describes the Carew murder case is an important event in the novel because the murder forces Mr Utterson to investigate and piece together the link between his friend Dr. Jekyll and the murderer Mr Hyde. The reader learns, however, that they are the same person. Stevenson sets the murder scene in a lane which the maid’s window overlooked and interestingly chooses the murder to be ‘brilliantly lit by the full moon’. He does this in order to display every detail of the murder and to show the viciousness of the attack. For example the murder is described as ‘a storm of blows, under which the bones were audibly shattered’. This tells us how brutal and violent the murder was by the maid being able to hear the victim’s bones being broken. It also gives the reader the full affect of the damage that had been done. The murder is particularly shocking because it enables the maid to describe the murder so well as a result of the murder scene being so brilliantly lit by the moon. The characters’ houses in the novel also suggest something about them, Dr Jekyll’s house, for example, is described as having ‘a great air of wealth and comfort’. Hyde’s rooms are described as ‘well furnished’, but they’re located in Soho which is a seedy area full of unrespectable people. The themes in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, for example crime and concealing forbidden activities touched on issues Victorians were concerned with because it was set in a familiar place and it made people think the sort of themes discussed in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde could be happening around or near them. Darwin’s ideas about evolution and how human beings descended from apes changed Victorian beliefs. His ideas about people being evolved from apes’ suggest that animalistic urges and desires might be present in all men. Victorians tended to see crime as being carried out by the poor, who they thought of as being more ‘brutish’ or animal like. Hyde is described as ‘ape like’ but he is the other side of Jekyll, so Stevenson is saying all men are capable of brutish behaviour, regardless of their class. He is also described like this because of the brutal behaviour he shows during the Carew murder case. This suggests that Hyde is less evolved than other human beings. The reader learns however that Hyde is also Jekyll; this makes the reader think that anyone is capable of ‘ape like’ behaviour. Another theme that is discussed in the novel involves people leading a double life. The idea of a double life, like the one Jekyll leads, would have appealed to Victorian readers because of the familiar background the novel was set in. Also Victorian codes of behaviour and social rules were strict and repressive, so people liked the idea of breaking out of this. In this novel the setting is important because it creates a sense of uncertainty and creates atmosphere because of the novel being set in dark and fog for most of it. Stevenson created a genre called urban gothic, this is because he set the novel in a familiar place and also at the time he wrote the book. He created a modern urban setting in order to engage his readers which mean they feel all the emotions more intensely because they can imagine it happening to them. The idea of the double life in the novel not only is of interest to Victorians but also to modern day readers because of the familiar setting. The phrase ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ personality is used today when someone shows two very different sides of their personality because the book is about Dr Jekyll who leads a double life as Mr Hyde. So by saying a ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ personality it is like saying a ‘split personality’. We can see many of the ideas that are in the novel in our present times for example leading a double life and this suggests that the ideas behind the novel are still as relevant today as they were in Victorian times.